| Tibet (older spelling Thibet; Tibetan:
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| | The Potala Palace in Lhasa is Tibet's
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| ??; Wylie: Bod; Lhasa dialect IPA:
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| | holiest centre
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| [p?o`?]; Simplified and Traditional
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| | Name
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| Chinese: ??, Hanyu Pinyin: Xizang; also
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| | In Tibetan
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| referred to as ?? (Simplified Chinese),
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| | Tibetans call their homeland Bod ( ??),
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| ?? (Traditional Chinese), Zangqu (Hanyu
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| | pronounced pö in Lhasa dialect. It is
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| Pinyin), see Name section below) is a
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| | first attested in the geography of
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| plateau region in Central Asia and the
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| | Ptolemy as ß???? (batai) (Beckwith, C.
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| indigeneous home to the Tibetan people.
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| | U. of Indiana Diss. 1977). Tibetans refer
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| With an average elevation of 4,900 m
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| | to Tibet as a "fatherland" (Tibetan:
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| (16,000 ft), it is the highest region on
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| | ??????; Wylie: pha-yul), whereas
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| Earth and is commonly referred to as the
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| | "motherland" (Tibetan: ??????; Wylie:
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| "Roof of the World".
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| | ma-yul) is a neologism introduced in the
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| Existing as a seperate nation for
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| | 1960s to refer to China.
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| centuries, Tibet is today administered
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| | In Chinese
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| mostly under the People's Republic of
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| | The modern Chinese name for Tibet, ??
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| China. Tibet is also officially claimed
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| | (Xizang), is a phonetic transliteration
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| by the Republic of China (Taiwan).
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| | derived from the region called Tsang
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| However in the Tibetan sovereignty
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| | (western Ü-Tsang). The name originated
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| debate, the Chinese government and the
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| | during the Qing Dynasty of China, ca.
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| Government of Tibet in Exile have
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| | 1700. It can be broken down into "xi" ?
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| disagreed over the legitimacy of Tibet
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| | (literally "west"), and "zang" ?
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| becoming a part of China since 1959, and
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| | (literally "Buddhist scripture" or
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| whether this incorporation into the
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| | "storage"). The term can be interpreted
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| Chinese homelands was legitimate.
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| | as either "Buddhist scripture of the
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| The Tibetan Empire came into existence in
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| | west" or "western storage." The pre-1700s
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| the seventh century when Emperor
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| | historic Chinese term for Tibet was ??
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| Songtsän Gampo united many areas and
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| | (Tufan, Medieval Chinese pronuncation:
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| tribes of the region. Since the early
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| | t'obw?n/), which comes from the Turkish
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| 1600s a lineage of allegedly reborn
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| | word for "heights" and is also the origin
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| (tulku) magistrates, known as the Dalai
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| | of the English term "Tibet."
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| Lamas have administrated Tibet, and the
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| | The government of the People's Republic
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| fourteen Dali Lama's are beleived to be
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| | of China equates Tibet with the Tibet
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| the incarnations of Avalokiteśvara
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| | Autonomous Region (TAR). As such, the
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| ("Chenrezig" [spyan ras gzigs] in
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| | name "Xizang" is equated with the TAR. In
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| Tibetan), the bodhisattva of compassion.
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| | order to refer non-TAR Tibetan areas, or
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| Between the 17th century and 1959, the
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| | to all of cultural Tibet, the term ??
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| Dalai Lama was the head of the Tibetan
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| | Zangqu (literally, "ethnic Tibetan
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| government, administering religious and
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| | areas") is used. However,
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| adminstrative authourity over a large
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| | Chinese-language versions of pro-Tibetan
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| portion of the country from the
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| | independence websites, such as the Free
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| traditional capital Lhasa, regarded as
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| | Tibet Campaign, the Voice of Tibet, and
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| Tibet's holiest city.
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| | Tibet Net use ?? ("Xizang"), not ??
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| When the Government of Tibet in Exile and
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| | ("Zangqu"), to mean historic Tibet.
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| the Tibetan refugee community worldwide
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| | Some English-speakers reserve "Xizang",
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| refer to Tibet, they mean a large area
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| | the Chinese word transliterated into
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| that formed the cultural entity of Tibet
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| | English, for the TAR, to keep the concept
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| for many centuries, consisting of the
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| | distinct from that of historic Tibet.
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| traditional provinces of Amdo, Kham
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| | Some pro-independence advocates duplicate
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| (Khams), and Ü-Tsang (Dbus-gtsang), but
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| | the situation into the Chinese language,
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| excluding areas outside the People's
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| | and use ?? (Tufan) or ??? (Tubote), which
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| Republic of China's administration like
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| | are both phonetic transcriptions of the
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| the disputed territory Arunachal Pradesh
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| | word "Tibet", to refer to historic Tibet,
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| (or South Tibet), Sikkim, Bhutan, and
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| | this is still used for research area and
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| Ladakh that have also formed part of the
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| | is known and accepted by most of the
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| Tibetan cultural sphere.
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| | Chinese.
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| When the People's Republic of China (PRC)
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| | Tibetan monks from Ganden Monastery
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| refers to Tibet, it means the Tibet
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| | Tibetan monks from Ganden Monastery
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| Autonomous Region (TAR): a province-level
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| | The character ? (zang) has been used in
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| entity which, according to the
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| | transcriptions referring to Tsang as
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| territorial claims of the PRC, includes
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| | early as the Yuan Dynasty, if not
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| Arunachal Pradesh or South Tibet
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| | earlier, though the modern term "Xizang"
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| (presently under the administration of
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| | was devised in the 18th century. The
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| India). India considers Arunachal Pradesh
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| | Chinese character ? (Zang) has also been
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| as its integral part. Sikkim, Bhutan, and
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| | generalized to refer to all of Tibet,
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| Ladakh may also be considered to be parts
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| | including other concepts related to Tibet
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| of cultural Greater Tibet in addition to
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| | such as the Tibetan language (??,
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| Amdo, Kham, and Ü-Tsang. The TAR covers
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| | Zangwén) and the Tibetan people (??,
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| the Dalai Lama's former domain consisting
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| | Zangzú). The two characters of Xizang
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| of Ü-Tsang and western Kham, while Amdo
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| | can literally mean "western treasure".
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| and eastern Kham are now found within the
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| | (The second character can also mean
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| provinces of Qinghai, Gansu, Yunnan, and
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| | "storage", though it is pronounced
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| Sichuan.
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| | differently (cáng) when used for that
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| The difference in definition is a major
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| | meaning.)
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| source of dispute. The distribution of
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| | In English
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| Amdo and eastern Kham into surrounding
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| | The English word Tibet, like the word for
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| provinces was initiated by the Yongzheng
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| | Tibet in most European languages, is
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| Emperor during the eighteenth century and
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| | derived from the Arabic word Tubbat.[1]
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| has been continuously maintained by
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| | This word is derived via Persian from the
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| successive Chinese governments. Tibetan
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| | Turkic word Töbäd (plural of Töbän),
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| exiles, in turn, consider the maintenance
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| | meaning "the heights". The word for Tibet
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| of this arrangement since the eighteenth
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| | in Medieval Chinese, ?? (Pinyin Tufan,
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| century as part of a divide-and-rule
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| | often given as Tubo), is derived from the
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| policy.
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| | same Turkic word. Tufan was pronounced
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| Tibet has scenic mountainous terrain.
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| | t'o-bw?n/ in Medieval times. PRC scholars
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| Tibet has scenic mountainous terrain.
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| | favor the theory that "Tibet" is derived
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| The Potala Palace in Lhasa is Tibet's
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| | from Tufan.
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| holiest centre
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