| Introduction... | | | | This meant that international trade flourished, and the |
| The Tang Dynasty began in 618CE and ended in | | | | Chinese economy became strong. |
| 907CE. It was a period of political stability and | | | | The period between 710 and 755CE was the most |
| economic strength, which in turn led to important | | | | brilliant period of the Tang Dynasty. The imperial |
| cultural and artistic developments. The Tang Dynasty | | | | examinations -- which aimed to allow only the most |
| is often considered to be the high-point of Chinese | | | | talented people into the Chinese government - |
| civilization. However, the Tang court lost much of its | | | | became more effective during Tang China; Chinese |
| power during the 9th century, and finally collapsed in | | | | administration reached its maturity; land distribution |
| 907CE. This was followed by several decades of | | | | (which taxes were collected properly) become highly |
| political unrest called the "Five Dynasties and Ten | | | | efficient; and the army was strong and |
| Kingdoms Period". | | | | well-organized. |
| Overview | | | | The Tang Dynasty was also the only time a woman |
| A large part of the reason why the Tang Dynasty | | | | emperor officially ruled China; Empress Wu Zetian |
| was so stable and strong was because of the | | | | interrupted the Tang Dynasty to form her own |
| dynasty that ruled before it: The Sui Dynasty. | | | | short-lived Zhou Dynasty in 690CE. Wu Zetian's |
| Although the Sui Dynasty lasted less than 4 decades | | | | becoming emperor of China would not have been |
| (581-618CE), it unified a country that had been torn | | | | possible if it had not been for the power and |
| apart by approximately 400 years of warfare and | | | | influence of the Buddhist Church during the Tang |
| political disunity. The Sui Dynasty re-unified China, | | | | Dynasty. This shows us how important the Buddhist |
| centralized government, standardized coinage, | | | | religion was during this period, as it was able to |
| expanded the Great Wall of China, and extended the | | | | influence the court in such a serious way. |
| Great Canal - all of which strengthened the economic | | | | The decline of Tang |
| and political situation in China. | | | | For all its power and might, the Tang dynasty began |
| Although the Sui Dynasty did not last long, the Tang | | | | to decline in the second half of its rule. The land |
| Dynasty continued much of Sui's efforts and created | | | | distribution and taxation system weakened, and the |
| a highly organized government the likes of which the | | | | power of army leaders grew out of control. While |
| world had never seen. During the early Tang dynasty, | | | | large armies were created to protect Tang China and |
| China's territory expanded because of military | | | | help spread its influence to other nations, it eventually |
| campaigns, and communication and trade advanced | | | | posed a threat to the central government. This led to |
| thanks in part to the Grand Canal. | | | | the very deadly An Shi Rebellion of 755-763CE. The |
| The capital during the Tang Dynasty was the city of | | | | rebellion affected the Tang government so much |
| Chang'an (today called Xi'an). Chang'an was a | | | | that it was never able to fully recover its power. This |
| cosmopolitan city with influences and residents from | | | | marked a turning point in China's history, influencing |
| central Asia, India, Iran, and beyond. The | | | | China's external relations, polices, and economic |
| cosmopolitan flavor of China's capital city reflects the | | | | situation. Namely, it led to a decline in central |
| fact that the Tang Dynasty had expanded China's | | | | authority, a decline in trade, and to more military |
| influence to far away places. Distant nations such as | | | | rebellions. |
| Kashmir and Japan came under the political and | | | | The inevitable collapse of the Tang Dynasty in 907CE |
| cultural influence of Tang China, and the famous | | | | led to a period of political unrest called the "Five |
| trading route -- The Silk Road -- reached its zenith. | | | | Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period" of 907-960CE. |