The Impact of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 on the Indian Society

The Hindu Marriage Act was enacted by the Indianof a marriage between persons of prohibited degree
Parliament in the year 1955, with the purpose ofof relationship or sapindas, will actually prevent the
regulating the personal life among the Hindus,birth of physically deformed children or deaf, dumb
especially their institution of marriage, its validity,and blind children, because the possibility of delivering
conditions for invalidity and applicability etc.such children is more in marriages between persons
There are many salient features in the provisions ofof prohibited relationship and sapindas.
the act that makes and even prompt a person toIn Section 7 of the Act, the ceremonies and customs
consider it as rather conservative. The underlyingof a Hindu Marriage are duly recognized, giving a
note or we can say that the lifeline that runssentimental value to the act. For example immediately
throughout the act is that it duly recognizes theafter the marriage, both the bride and the
religious sentiments and values of the Hindus whichbridegroom will take seven steps before the sacred
they respectfully cherish and consider as valuable.fire, that will sanctify the marriage and that
Accordingly the Hindu Marriage Act has consideredceremony is known as Saptapadi. Even by going a
and treated the institution of marriage among thestep forward, the act stipulates that the marriage is
Hindus so sacrosanct as it evolved through agesnot valid if Saptapadi is not performed.Thereby the
among them, duly recognizing their time immemorialHindu Marriage Act also recognises the time
customs, traditions, sasthras that include their ritualsimmemorial customs and rituals followed by the
and other practices as practiced and evolved byHindus.
them over a long period.Above all the act bySection 8 of the Hindu Marriage Act provides for the
covering and encompassing all the people from thecompulsory registration of marriages and even
modern offshoots of Hinduism like Prarthana Samaj,stipulates a punishment for violating the provision.
Arya Samaj and Brahma Samaj also has a modernThis provision is actually an eye opener and it
look by duly recognizing those modern offshoots ofsafeguards those hapless persons who may become
Hindu religion.victims of fraud marriages carefully maneuvered and
Therefore, the Hindu Marriage Act is applicable to allplanned by unscrupulous antisocial elements.
Hindus like saivites, vaishnavites, lingayats and theSection 13 of the Hindu Marriage Act has provisions
followers of Prarthana, Arya and Brahma Samajaswhich may serve as grounds of marriages for
and to others who comes within the fold of Hinduismspouses who intend to file petitions seeking divorce
like the Sikhs, Buddhists and Jains. Thus the Hindufrom their spouses. When we consider these
Marriage Act applies to the religious folds that arosegrounds, some of them have social relevance:-
during the 6 th century B.C and also in 18 th and 19For example if a spouse commits adultery with a
th century A.D.Therefore, the Hindu Marriage Actperson other than his or her spouse;
essentially is acting as a bridge connecting ages. TheIf a spouse ceased to be a Hindu by conversion;
credit of giving us such an ageless act goes to theIf a spouse has been suffering from a virulent and
Indian legal luminaries.incurable form of leprosy;
The conditions imposed by the Hindu Marriage ActIf a spouse has been suffering from a venereal
for a valid marriage, though may look insignificant ondisease in a communicable form;
a superficial look, actually have the modern elementsThe above provisions not only respect the religious
and characteristics, of course with a far sightedness.feelings of the Hindus besides providing a ground for
So as to solemnize a marriage between two Hindus,divorce. Similarly, the provision relating to adultery,
the following conditions have been imposed:virulent form of disease like leprosy or communicable
5)(i)Neither party has a spouse living at the time ofform of VD etc are not only help the concerned
the marriage; which actually discourages pluralspouses to seek divorce from their spouses, but also
marriages and in the present modern day context,serve the cause and larger interests of the society,
the provision helps to prevent dissemination ofby preventing the spread of virulent and
incurable diseases like AIDS and other virulent formcommunicable form of venereal diseases
of venereal diseases in the society.iii)The age ofThus the Hindu Marriage Act, though it contains only
eligibility for getting married is fixed as 21 for30 sections and may even be considered a very
bridegrooms and 18 for brides, which actually helps tosmall piece of legislation, it is a comprehensive Act by
prevent social evils like child marriages from the Indianvirtue of its utility not only to the Hindus but also in
Society.iv) and v) prevents marriages betweenthe general welfare and interest of the Indian Society
prohibited degree of relationships and sapindas. Thisas well.
provision has a scientific base because the prevention