Watercolor Painting

he watercolors of Texas artist Dan Burt are radiant,which are darker, staining colors; they'll carry the bulk
animated mosaics built up from slashes, drips, andof his design--in this case, the massive, rambling
strokes of transparent paint. They remind you of theexterior wall and the palm trees that flank the
way light dances through stained-glass windows. Hisbuilding. But he still leaves small white areas on the
style is part California school and part Old Worldpaper for the light tones. He sloshes ahead, nearly
Mexico, with a dash of sun-splashed Texas Hillfilling the page with a great mottled mix of colors. "I
Country. But his harmonies and contrasts are his own.use broken color mostly, these dark tones," he says.
Burt says of his use of color, "I try to achieve someHe drops one of his yellows and some alizarin into a
kind of a conflict in the color--to create interest. Forwash of ultramarine. "I'm trying to let the painting
me that's the only purpose of color in a painting." Forpaint itself--changing the colors yet keeping the large
this reason, his hues don't depend on the local source.shapes in the same dark value and also keeping it
They come from his memory, imagination, andwet," he says. "When the painting stays wet, things
intuition, and they're always subservient to whatevercan happen. When the paint is dry, things don't
value scheme he has in mind.happen. Here, I have a mixture of Winsor yellow and
An ardent colorist, Burt doesn't use tube blacks,Winsor green, but after using it, I'll drop some alizarin
grays, or earth colors. Along with the tube colors heinto it in order to make it grayer: There's a time to
does use, which he puts on a Robert E. Woodbe shocking and there's a time not to be. But before
palette, he makes up trays with puddles of unmixed,you hit the panic button and blot up the mess you
dissolved colors, replenishing them as needed. There'sthink you've just made, wait. Watch what happens.
a system to his puddles: He uses four trays of colorWatch the paper."
(the tops and bottoms of two John Pike palettes).Burt's brush stays on the move, finishing the frond of
The puddles on the first tray are made up of botha palm tree at one end of the sheet, dropping to the
transparent and granulating colors, among themforeground to swipe in a shadow, interrupting the
viridian, cobalt blue, aureolin, and permanent rose. Indrying of a color near the top of the wall with some
the early stages of a painting, he uses thesewet, contrasting hue. He paints negative space,
pigments for light-to-middle-value, broken-colorcontinuing to preserve an amazing variety of white
washes, letting the colors mix on the paper.shapes that will later read as sections of wall and
On the second tray are puddles of darker, mostlyroof and window--jutting planes catching the sunlight.
staining colors, including ultramarine blue, newHe also eliminates many of the whites saved from
gamboge, Winsor yellow, Winsor green, and alizarinthe previous stage. He does whatever it takes to
crimson. These are for the middle and dark tonesmake his dark pattern coherent at a glance. It's
applied in a painting's later stages. On the third tray,uncanny the way his great expanse of dark, for all its
Burt repeats some puddles from the second: alizarinrichness of color, its contrasts, and its modulations,
crimson and Winsor yellow, for instance, plus he addsstill manages to stay dark. Burt says, "When you
other colors, such as Winsor green. He might mix onework wet-in-wet, the hues tend to stay in the same
puddle with another or spice up one with tube colorvalue."
for surprise combinations and accents.Up to now, everything put down on the paper
The fourth tray holds puddles of opera pink, scarletserves as a backdrop for the painting's center of
lake, and cadmium yellow. He likes to use theseinterest--in this case, a cluster of figures in the
colors, and their complements, in and around thebuilding's entrance shadows. Burt, like many painters,
focal point of the painting in its early stages for whatconcentrates his darkest darks on the composition's
he calls "shock effects."focal point, where, typically, has also saved his
Burt uses sable brushes because, he says, they holdwhitest whites. By this time, he has already put down
more water (and therefore pigment) than dohis highest chroma colors, such as opera pink with
synthetic brushes--an important consideration for hisscarlet lake and opera pink with cadmium yellow, and
wet-in-wet style. He especially likes large sable roundscomplements Winsor green, Winsor yellow, or cobalt
(Nos. 9 and 12) and sable flats (1" and 1 1/21).blue. For his darks, Burt relies on ultramarine blue with
Burt uses the same approach for all his paintings,alizarin crimson and Winsor green with alizarin crimson.
whether of a Mexican church or a Gulf Coast shrimpHe says that as the painting progresses, the puddles
boat. In his Kerrville studio, sunlight from a patiobecome richer, or more complex, in color.
window streams in over his left shoulder and AaronBurt rarely layers his color, but in the final stage of a
Copland music surges forth from a radio. The artistwork he may occasionally paint over a dried color to
stands over a full sheet of cold-pressed, 140-poundpunch out a shape from its background. In this work,
paper that's propped up on his easel at a height nothe sculpts a figure in the doorway's shadow with a
far above his knees. His subject--already captured onjuicy mixture of alizarin and ultramarine. He then adds
the paper in minimal, spidery graphite lines--is thea few more inky accents of mixed blacks using
Mediterranean-looking facade of a San AntonioWinsor green mixed with alizarin crimson--shadows in
apartment building.the architecture and in the foliage and calligraphic dots
Clutching his large sable brushes, he works with hisand dashes that enliven the picture surface.
fourth tray of shocking" colors and theirFinally, chaos has turned to structure. The contrasts
complements in and around the center of interest insing. The painting is finished. "My whole idea has been
light values, wet against dry, and with the first trayas much as possible to be spontaneous, to let most
of paints, laying in the painting's lightest tonesof the colors mix on the paper," Burt says. "I've tried
wet-in-wet. He makes a bright, airy patchwork ofto keep the value patterns distinct--the light tones,
these transparent and granulating colors, being surethe middle tones, and the dark tones--so that by the
to leave generous white areas of paper throughout.time I put in the darkest darks, they'll really act as
He drops diluted paint into the washes, chargingdarks." Burt believes it's the value contrasts that
complements into them and again letting them mix onmake the subject stand out. He has saved whites,
the paper. These color notes--made from the firstjabbed in dark accents, and engaged the eye with
tray--are light, clean, and fresh; they're middle valuescolor conflicts in every portion of the picture space.
and take up very little space in the"But," he concludes, "even though there's a lot to
composition--mainly the sky and foreground. Most ofentertain you all over the work, your eye will still go
the picture at this stage is still untouched white paper.to the focal point.
Now, Burt moves to his second and third trays,