The Tao of Breathing

One of the impressions I have gained recently inComing back to the analogy of the excercise bike, it
speaking to Zen friends about practice is a certainis not the practice of peddling we have to give up
attitude towards breathing in zazen. For the sake ofbut the belief we are going to get somewhere if we
brevity, and just for fun, I wish to refer to it asdo fit. As we give up this belief, (which is underpinned
"samurai breathing". I think it has its origins in thewith the fear of failure) we can enjoy just peddling,
martial arts.and in zazen if we give up this belief, we can just
The "samurai breath' goes like this: one must pushbreath naturally and our breathing includes the
down hard on the outgoing breath, concentrating onbreathing of the currawong warbling in the crisp
the hara (solar plexus) and in doing so, push asidemorning air.
any thoughts, feelings, sensations, that get in theThe "samurai breath" after all turns out to be
way, smashing through them like a karate expertconceptual breathing, a fixed notion of what
would smash their hand through a brick.breathing ought to be, unlike the breath of the Tao
If you practise like this, it will give you a considerablewhich is open and just comes and goes of its own
feeling of power, like winning a contest (withaccord. When our breathing attempts to fit some
yourself), and also give you a sense of purpose in aconceptual pattern of how we ought to breath, we
goal-seeking way (like paying off the mortgage). Thisinterfere with it, and are out of touch with ourselves.
type of straining zazen creates a heroic struggle outThe mind/will should take its lead from the breath,
of zazen and a sense that you are trying very hard,rather than the breath taking its lead from the mind
but it is ultimately self-defeating. Perhaps it is part ofwill. When the mind/will takes its lead from the
the process of learning that we have to go throughbreath, then the mind/will and the breath are in
this struggle before we realise it is not productive.harmony. When sailing, you trim the sails according to
When I see people practising like this, I have athe strength and direction of the wind, not the other
mental picture of someone on an exercise bikeway round.
peddling furiously, somehow believing that they areAitken Roshi, when he was a student of Soen Roshi,
going to get somewhere if only they try hardasked him "When I do zazen should I use effort or
enough. I then imagine someone coming up to themnot?" Soen Roshi replied, "The question reminds of
and whispering in their ear, "Excuse me, it doesn'tJoshu's question to Nansen in Case l9 of the
matter how fast you peddle, you won't getMumonkan - 'ordinary mind is the Tao'".
anywhere on that bike. " This is like the story ofJoshu asked Nansen, "What is Tao?" Nansen
polishing a tile, believing if only it is done hard enough,answered, "Ordinary mind is the Tao." "Then should
it will become a mirror, or believing that one willwe direct ourselves towards it or not?" asked Joshu.
become a Buddha after years and years of zazen,"If you try to direct yourself towards it, you go
rather than realising that we are Buddha right fromaway from it", answered Nansen. Joshu continued, "If
the very beginning.we do not try, how can we know it is the Tao?"
When I began my zen practice many ago in JapanNansen replied, "Tao does not belong to knowing or
with Kabori Roshi, I was like the person on the bikenot knowing. Knowing is illusion, not knowing is
furiously peddling to get somewhere. I listened withblankness. If you really attain the Tao of no doubt, it
keen interest to other students talking about variousis like the great void, so vast and boundless. How
breathing techniques, which I berlieved, if only I couldthen, can there be right and wrong in the Tao?" At
get them right, would propel me towards realisation inthese words, Joshu was suddenly enlightened.
no time. Needless to say, I tied myself up in knotsMumon, commenting on this said, "Even though Joshu
trying to breathe the "right" way, even makingmay be enlightened, he can truly get it only after
myself sick in the process. After several months ofstudying for thirty more years."
this, I went to Kabori Roshi and told him about it inShould we direct ourselves towards it or not? Should
sanzen (Rinzai for dokusan). All he said was "Justwe use effort or not? Does Nansen mean just "go
breathe naturally". I remember feeling a mixture ofwith the flow of the Tao" as this cliche has become
relief, confusion and disappointment at his comment.known, as on some personal growth weekend where
How could it be that simple?everyone lies around drinking herbal tea, looking
Kabori Roshi was like the kindly person whispering indreamy-eyed and talking about the oneness of the
the ear of the stationary cyclist, "Excuse me, nouniverse? I remember Aitken Roshi once saying to a
matter how hard you try, you won't get anywherestudent, "When are you going to stop going with the
on that bike." The message got through a little but,flow and get into action?"
looking back, I wasn't quite prepared to really give up"Going with the flow" is just the conceptual opposite
my belief, that if only I pushed harder, I would getof "samurai breathing". Dull and complacent zazen
somewhere.with no vitality or resolve, which is more accurately
This happens all the way along in zen practice.going with the flow of Taoist fantasy and natural
Teachers keep telling us there is nothing to attain,therapy mysticism.
but we don't quite believe them, even though weWhat is the right attitude then with which to breath?
may mouth the words to others. In everyday life weThe right attitude is to have no fixed attitude.
see people all around struggling to find happiness andHowever from a practical point of view it can follow
peace, believing it will come when they finally getcertain guidelines. I think of right zazen as like holding
what they want, without seeing that this verya baby in one's arms. You hold a baby gently
moment holds all that one could desire. It is easy tootherwise you will hurt it. You also hold it firmly
see this delusion in others, but can you see it inotherwise you will drop it. Light but steady. Should
yourself?you use effort or not? Try holding a baby.